Abstract :
In the globalizing world, entrepreneurs are one of the most important actors that play a role in economic growth. In the historical process, it is necessary to investigate the function on economic doctrine by examining the changes and evolution of entrepreneurs as of increased importance on the economy. The role of entrepreneurs on economy is strongly emphasized even though there are various ideas in every period in the modern entrepreneurship theory framework in historical process of economic doctrines beginning from Cantillon. According to those thinkers entrepreneur is an economic actor who takes risk, supplies financial capital, provides resource distribution among alternative usages and who is innovator, decision-maker, industrial leader, manager, organizer, enterprise owner, employee, contractor and arbitrator. The feudal system in the European economy while preventing entrepreneurship and innovation, this situation seems to have changed over time in the medieval Europe. In parallel with urbanization, entrepreneurship is gaining importance among the Merchant class supplying raw materials and marketing final goods. The industrial revolution has accelerated this process lightly more. The transition from industrial society to knowledge society, the importance of entrepreneurship has further increased. While the share of labor on the production has decreasing with knowledge society, knowledge-based labor has increased weight on production. On the other hand, manufacturing, transportation and development in areas such as management and the globalization process enhances the importance of entrepreneurship a bit more together with the information society.Entrepreneurship is the most important solution to struggle with employment and unemployment, driving force of economic growth and welfare, source of innovation and creativity. The most important method in countries to increase economic growth and welfare is raising private entrepreneurship based on competition. Private property and therefore private entrepreneurship is an important component raises economic growth and welfare. Entrepreneur is the leading actor in the process of economic resources from low productivity areas to high productivity areas because an entrepreneur provides the usage of malfunction sources by combining production sources in a new form. But more importantly, entrepreneur raises production by making new combinations of existing inputs and production tools. Entrepreneur speeds creation, contagion and implication of new ideas and also causes formation of new industries, increases productivity in technological sectors and accelerates economic growth because entrepreneur creates new sectors that grow fast. Today, economic growth and development depend on increasing capacity of production, information, technology, and services. This can be provided by entrepreneurship in the economic structure. Despite the importance of entrepreneurship, it continues as a phenomenon that cannot be fully understood by economists. In this study, the process of entrepreneurship emphasizing on the evolution and importance in economy will be discussed in the history of economic doctrines from the classical era to the knowledge age also known as new economy.
