Coenzyme Q and Relation with Diseases

Coenzyme Q (2- methyl - 5, 6 dimethoxy- 1, 4 -benzoquinone, KoQ, Ubiquinone, UQ) is present in all cells and cellular membranes and plays a key role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a vital molecule for cellular metabolism. Coenzyme Q has strong lipophilic antioxidant properties which enables this coenzyme to protect lipoproteins and cellular membranes. The earliest studies mainly focused on the redox function of Coenzyme Q; however, for the last 20 years, various functions have now been identified. The latest research has investigated its various additional roles which include: the antioxidative system, effects on monocytes and lymphocytes, endothelial function, cell signalling and gene expression. Coenzyme Q levels vary depending on the age and diseases status of the organism. Its importance during disease diagnosis and in the treatment process has been highlighted. Coenzyme Q is mostly associated with diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, degenerative muscle diseases, bone diseases, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease). It is therefore a very important parameter which is associated with an organism health or disease state. In this review, up-to-date data regarding the known functions of coenzyme Q and its connection with various diseases are presented.