Percutaneous and surgical removal of two cases of embolized totally implantable venous access devices that were implanted a long time ago

Totally implantable venous access devices (TVAD) are commonly used to supply long-term, intermittent central venous access for the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs and intravenous (IV) antibiot- ics .The most common complications related to TVAD implantation are venous thrombosis, extravasation, dislodgement, catheter leakage, and infection. Fracture and embolization of TVAD and related infective endocarditis (IE) are rarely observed, but they may be life-threatening. Herein, we report two interesting cases of embolized TVAD and their management.