Title of article :
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation in Steel Moment-resisting Frame with Prestressed Concrete Slab against Progressive Collapse Potential
Author/Authors :
Floor Openings , Shokoohfar, A Department of Civil Engineering - Qazvin Branch - Islamic Azad University - Qazvin, Iran , Kaafi Siyahestalkhi, P Department of Civil Engineering - Qazvin Branch - Islamic Azad University - Qazvin, Iran
Abstract :
Diaphragms are a fundamental part of the earthquake-resistant system, and in terms of rigidity, it is essential to transmit dynamic loads on a base of the structure. Also, floor openings on the response of buildings against progressive collapse are issues that have received less attention. In this study, floor opening surfaces and their positions on the progressive collapse potential of steel moment-resisting frame (SMRF) buildings were investigated according to the alternate load path method. Moreover, to retrofit and rehabilitate the two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs against a progressive collapse, two strategies, prestressed concrete slabs and installing carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets on the surface of the old concrete slab, were proposed and six-story SMRF buildings were simulated using the finite element method. The maximum axial force around the removal column is 20% greater than the corresponding values on the floor opening is in the corner of the plan and the appropriate performance of the prestressed concrete slab leads to the load distribution in the ceiling diaphragm.
Farsi abstract :
ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ روﻧﺪهي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد ي، ﺗﻮﺟﻪي ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮي ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶروﻧﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠ ﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮي ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ روﻧﺪه ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ دو راﻫﮑﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺴﺎزي و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي دالﻫﺎي دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶروﻧﺪه ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺴﺎزي از دالﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻨﯿﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي، روش ﻧﺼﺐ ورقﻫﺎي CFRP ﺑﺮروي ﺳﻄﺢ دال ﺑﺘﻨﯽ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎزي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺤﺪود و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ABAQUS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺻﺤﺖ روش ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎزي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4×10و 6×12ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪ و وﺳﻂ ﭘﻼن در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ روﻧﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﯽ، ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺣﺬف ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ در وﺳﻂ ﭘﻼن ﺳﺎزه ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ، ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮري ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺬف، ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻘﻒ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه 18ﺗﺎ 20درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ از 4×10 ﻣﺘﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ 6×12 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌ ﯿ ﺖ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ و ﻧﻮع ﺳﻘﻒ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﺤﻮري اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺬف را ﺣﺪوداً 12 ﺗﺎ 19درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. از ﺑﯿﻦ دالدو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ، دال ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻨﯿﺪه و دال دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ CFRP، دالﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻨﯿﺪه ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮري اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺬف ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ و اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ در ﺣﺪود 27 ﺗﺎ 35 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ دال ﻫﺎي دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ. در دال ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻨﯿﺪه ﺗﺎﻧﺪون ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺠﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و در دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﺮ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺸﺶ زﯾﺎدي ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از رﻫﺎ ﺷﺪن از ﮐﺸﺶ، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اوﻟﯿﻪ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻓﺸﺎري زﯾﺎدي در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ زﯾﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎر ﺧﻨﺜﯽ در ﺑﺘﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺛﻘﻠﯽ در ﺑﺘﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣ ﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪاري از ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺛﻘﻠﯽ را ﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﺎزه در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ روﻧﺪه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.
Keywords :
Floor openings , Progressive collapse , Two-Way Concrete Slabs , Finite element model , Prestressed slabs , Progressive Collapse Two-way Concrete Slabs , Finite Element Model Prestressed Slabs
Journal title :
International Journal of Engineering