Five General Cosmic Models

Five general cosmological models were developed in this study satisfying theoretical criteria which are in full agreement with recent observations. In these general models the universe is assumed to be composed of luminous matter, dark matter, radiation and dark energy at different ratios. Distributions of the density parameters of the universecomponents were determined in these general models, and it is found that the universe will end up with flat space in each model. Distributions of the speed and acceleration of the universe were also constructed in the general models which showed that the universe expands with decelerating speed at the beginning, then it would expand with continuously accelerating speed. Redshift lookback time relation as well as distribution of the temperature of the early universe before decoupling time and distribution of the temperature of radiation and non-relativistic matter in the later epochs of the universe were all determined in the general models and it is found that the universe expands towards zero temperature.