Effect of Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Strategies on Hope Level of Patients with Cancer: A Narrative Review

Context: Cancer diagnosis and its therapeutic methods can lead to considerable psychological problems and decrease the levels of hope in patients. Due to the considerably important multidimensional effects of hope on the life of patients with cancer, this study aimed to assess the effect of psycho-socio-spiritual strategies on the hope level of patients with cancer. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, electronic databases were searched including Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (ISI), Ovid, and Scopus. Those articles published between 1978 and 2020 were retrieved and assessed through the abstract and full-text appraisal. Finally, 74 articles were included in this study. Results: Psycho-socio-spiritual strategies for affecting the hope level of patients with cancer were classified as follows: (1) psychological interventions (psychotherapy, counseling, coping skills training, stress management training, crisis management, individual or group supporting therapy, hope therapy, and psychoeducational interventions); (2) social interventions (social and family support intervention); and (3) spiritual interventions (logotherapy, religion therapy, and praying). Conclusions: Due to the chronic nature of cancer disease, in addition to the important role of pharmacological treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, considering non-pharmacological approaches such as hope-fostering interventions for these patients is essential and can lead to a better quality of life.