Mineralization potential of Fresh Milk and Mineral Water Treatment on Enamel Surface after Demineralization by Citric Acid

Introduction: Evidence shows that people from different regions have different teeth characteristics based on their daily water consumption. This exploratory study aimed to measure the mineralization potential of mineral water and fresh milk on the demineralized enamel surface. Methods: The enamel surface was softened for 10 min in 100 ml of 1% citric acid under 150 rpm agitation in all specimens. Afterward, the specimens were mineralized with 100 ml of mineral water and milk under 150 rpm agitation. The mineral content of the enamel surface before and after the treatment in nanoscale was measured using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS). Before and after treatment, the results of EDXS were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that initial treatment with citric acid significantly increased the surface roughness of the enamel surface. Moreover, in treatment with fresh milk, the potassium and sodium content of the enamel surface increased. It was also reported that mineral water treatment increased the sodium content of the enamel surface. Conclusion: The findings suggested that milk and mineral water might slightly recover the damage induced by citric acid on the enamel surface.