Pharmacological Study of the Antitumor Effect of Newcastle Oncolytic Virus in Combination with Copper Nanoparticles, Hyperthermia and Radiation on Malignant Colorectal Cancer Cell Line

As new multifactorial method this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of the Newcastle oncolytic virus in combination with copper nanoparticles, hyperthermia, and radiation on the proliferation of CT26 cell line. Cultured CT26 cells were treated with the combination of CuO nanoparticles (100 μg/ml), Newcastle oncolytic virus (MOI 40), radiation (cGy200), and hyperthermia (41 °C). In order to confirm the anticancer effects of these factors, proliferation rate (MTT), percentage of cell death, generation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and activity levels of caspase-8 and 9 were measured. A significant decrease in cell proliferation rate (57±5.19) was observed. Also, levels of cell death (52±3.06), ROS production (27.89±0.69), and LDH release (26.54±1.27) were increased significantly in the group of Newcastle oncolytic virus combined with CuO nanoparticles, hyperthermia, and radiation in comparison with other treated and control groups. Also, the activity level of caspase-9 was significantly increased in all treated groups compared to the control group. According to the present study, it seems that the combination of multifactorial therapies such as oncovirotherapy, nanotherapy, hyperthermotherapy, and radiotherapy can inhibit the proliferation of CT26 cancer cell line.