PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND MATERNAL RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATION

Objective: 1. To determine the frequency of different congenital anomalies in our hospital population. 2. To identity the possible risk factors responsible for these anomalies. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Sharif Medical and Dental College / Sharif Medical City Hospital, from January to December 2012. Patients and Methods: All booked pregnant females with fetal congenital anomalies diagnosed on antenatal USG during this period were included in study. Frequency and pattern of these anomalies were recorded. Variables studied include parity, age, duration of gestation, education and social status, family history of congenital anomalies, disease in sibling, cousin marriage, relationship with cousin, medical disorders, industrial exposure, and viral infections in early pregnancy. Outcome was determined in terms of frequency and pattern of malformations, male to female ratio, mode of delivery, and severity of congenital anomalies. Results: Prevalence of congenital anomalies was 21.5 per 1000 total births, with individual incidence of neural tube defect being 18.81 pr 1000 total births. Neural tube defects remain the most common abnormality. Cousin marriages with 1st degree cousin (83.33%) and maternal relationship with cousin (85%) showed significant association as risk factor for congenital abnormalities (p 0.350). Conclusion: Neural tube defect is identified as major congenital abnormality in this community and consangious relationship being the biggest risk factor associated with it.