Nanohydroxyapatite versus melatonin loaded on nanohydroxyapatite and nanohydroxyapatite with platelet rich fibrin on the treatment of intrabony defects

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, clinically, the effect of nanohydroxyapatite alone versus melatonin loaded nanohydroxyapatite and nanohydroxyapatite with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with severe chronic periodontitis. Patients and methods A total of 30 sites in patients with, severe chronic periodontitis, with clinical attachment loss (CAL) of at least five were included. Sites were allocated randomly to be treated with nanohydroxyapatite alone, melatonin loaded nanohydroxyapatite, nanohydroxyapatite with PRF. At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the parameters are pocket depth, CAL, bleeding on probing. The experimental included six rabbits, where four identical bony defects, two in each mandible side, were created and each filled with one of the three materials. The fourth defect was left with no filler to serve as the control. Two rabbits were killed 2 weeks after the surgery, the second two rabbits, after 4 weeks and the third two rabbits, after 6 weeks. Samples were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Results All groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters (pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and CAL) after 3, 6, and 12 months compared with baseline measures. Groups II and III showed statistically significant reduction when compared with group I. Histopathological findings were evidenced by histomorphometric analysis, as it revealed statistically significant difference in favor of group II when compared with the other groups at all evaluation periods except with group III at 6 weeks. Statistically significant difference in favor of group III when compared with group I and control group at all evaluation periods. Conclusion Either melatonin or PRF when combined with nanohydroxyapatite showed better comparable results, clinically, and histopathologically when compared with nanohydroxyapatite alone and can therefore be considered as a potentiating material for periodontal regeneration.