Effect of mobile technology usage on language learners’ autonomy, self efficacy and academic performance: A SEM model

One of the greatest challenges and concerns in Higher education is the recognition of the factors affecting the language learners’ academic performance. The main objective of the present study is to scrutinize the relations between mobile technology usage, autonomy, self efficacy, and academic performance. The sample consisting of 305 language learners from a Higher Educational Institute in India (48 females, and 257 males) was collected during the academic year 2020 2021. SmartPLS version 3.2.9 was used for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hypothesis testing. The results revealed that the learners believed that mobile technology was useful and could help them in enhancing their academic performance. Mobile Technology (MT) usage has an affirmative and significant effect on autonomy, self efficacy and academic performance of the language learners. Self efficacy and autonomy mediate the effect of usage on academic performance. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for the use of mobile technology for language learning.