The Role of Anthropogenic Effects in Subsidence of Normanshir- Fahraj Plain

The role of humans in anthropogenic erosion and geomorphological changes of its natural environment is very important. Its most important role in recent decades is the use of surface and groundwater resources, which has been clearly shown as the destructive effects of excessive use of groundwater. Therefore, the need for water resources has caused the withdrawal of these very valuable resources from the underground aquifers of the country, whether allowed or not, and is facing the risk of land subsidence. The construction of the dam was another destructive effect that played an important role in blocking the aquifer nutrition. Normanshir-Fahraj plain is one of the plains in the country which has been directly affected by dam construction and uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater. After the dewatering of Nesa Dam, we were witnessed many environmental and water crises downstream of the alluvial fans of Fahraj and Normanshir. The need for drinking water, irrigation of date orchards and other uses has led to high groundwater abstraction. Also, the subsidence is calculated using radar data Sentinel 1 satellite for 6 months about 10 cm, which is high. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to landslide risk management as well as to avoid secondary hazards such as the destruction of walls and buildings, road lines and the transfer of energy and infrastructure by the relevant governorate.