Seismic Reliability-Based Design Versus Safety-Factor Based Design of Shallow Foundations Near a slope

In this study, the stability of a foundation near a slope is investigated through a typical example of designing a shallow foundation. Foundation stability is typically evaluated through the bearing capacity’s factor of safety and the reliability of the design, which depicts a more realistic perspective of design safety. Although an increase in the bearing capacity of the foundation leads to a subsequent increase in the safety factor and reliability index, a monotonically increasing functional relationship between the safety factor and reliability does not exist. This study investigates the effects of the foundation and slope properties on the reliability-based design (RBD) and safety factor-based design (SBD). Also, some valuable hints for practicing engineers unfamiliar with reliability concepts are presented to achieve a more reliable SBD. The results show that it is vital to consider how to increase the bearing capacity in the SBD methods. For example, in cohesive-frictional soils, by changing the embedment depth of the foundation (df) and the distance between the foundation and slope crest (x) to reach the target safety factor, we can obtain a more reliable SBD