An experimental assessment of combustion, emission, and performance behavior of a diesel engine fueled with newly developed biofuel blend of two distinct waste cooking oils and metallic nano-particle (Al2O3)

In the current experimental study, biofuel was extracted from two distinct waste cooking oils of palm and sun ower through a transesteri cation process. To this end, a suitable blend B20 (WCPME 10% +WCSME 10% + Diesel 80%) was prepared by mixing diesel with the biofuel. Then, an ultrasonicator was utilized to mix Al2O3 in B20 at distinct proportions of 25, 50, and 100 ppm, respectively, and to develop new ternary blends of B20 + 25Al2O3, B20 + 50Al2O3, and B20 + 100Al2O3. The experiment test was conducted on a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine fueled by diesel, B20, B20 + 25Al2O3, B20 + 50Al2O3, and B20 + 100Al2O3 samples at a steady speed of 1500 rpm under di erent engine loads to evaluate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of the mentioned engine. The test results revealed that Brake Thermal E ciency (BTE) was extensively improved by 13.53% and Speci c Fuel Consumption (SFC) was reduced by 20.93% for B20 + 100Al2O3 rather than B20 at the full load. The emission characteristics such as CO and HC were altogether reduced by mixing the nanoparticles in the correlation of B20 and D100; however, a slight increment was observed in NOx emissions, compared to B20 and D100 cases. Higher peak points in both CPmax and HRRmax reached B20 +100Al2O3 mainly due to the reduced ignition delay compared to those in B20 and D100.