Oral Manifestations and Dental Management Considerations of Lipoid Proteinosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a sporadic congenital metabolic disorder characterized by depo-sition of hyaline material in various organs. It has a very low prevalence rate of approxi-mately 300 cases reported up to now. It has a vast spectrum of manifestations ranging from asymptomatic skin lesions to the rare but life-threatening laryngeal obstruction. The knowledge of the clinical features of the disease such as hoarseness of voice from infancy, mucocutaneous manifestations, moniliform blepharosis (multiple, beaded papules along the eyelash line) and dental anomalies such as hypoplasia or aplasia of teeth may help oral health care practitioners improve the quality of their patient’s life. This case report de-scribes a typical 10-year-old boy who presented to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran with the typical recur-rent skin and mucosal lesions, hoarseness, and blepharosis. In addition, he stated a gradual hearing loss, which is not reported as a common manifestation. Moreover, psychosocial issues regarding his appearance and quality of voice had led to absenteeism from school. A punch biopsy obtained from a lesion on his forearm revealed the characteristic histopatho-logical view and directed to the diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. Dental treatment was initi-ated with focus on preventive dentistry due to the restricted mouth opening, which was expected to get worse overtime. There is no definitive cure for this disease and the treat-ment is symptomatic in most cases. A proper workup can result in early diagnosis and management of dental complications, which are difficult to control due to restricted mouth opening, which may significantly affect the patient’s social life.