Altered Expression of GDF9 and BMP15 Genes in Granulosa Cells of Diminished Ovarian Reserve Patients: A Case-Control Study

Objective: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a challenging issue encountered during assisted reproductive technology. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily which are essential for folliculogenesis. We aimed to the evaluation of the GDF9 and BMP15 expression in the granulosa cells (GCs) of DOR patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 14 women with DOR and 12 controls, who were between 28- 40 years of age undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. DOR patients were selected by the Bologna criteria. The GCs were extracted from the aspirated follicular fluids and RNA isolated from this. The fold change of gene expressions was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: GDF9 expression in patients was 0.23 times lower than the control group, which was significant (P 0.0001). BMP15 expression in patients was 0.32 times lower than the control group, which was significant (P 0.0001). The number of archived oocytes, MII, and two pronuclei (PN) embryos was higher in the control group and these differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Given that GDF9 and BMP15 are specifically involved during follicular recruitmen., we expect expression of these two genes in DOR patients which is greatly reduced by reducing follicular reserve