Author/Authors :
liew, zhen-shen universiti teknologi petronas - centre for urban resource sustainability, institute of self‑sustainable building - civil and environmental engineering department, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia , nordin, nik abdul hadi md universiti teknologi petronas (utp) - centre for urban resource sustainability, institute of self‑sustainable building - chemical engineering department, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia , lai, soon-onn universiti tunku abdul rahman - lee kong chian faculty of engineering and science, Kajang, Malaysia , ma, jun harbin institute of technology - state key laboratory of urban water resource and environment, Heilongjiang, China , ho, yeek-chia universiti teknologi petronas - centre for urban resource sustainability, institute of self‑sustainable building - civil and environmental engineering department, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
Abstract :
With the target of zero waste policy and renewable energy harvesting, the osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) from salinity gradient is an exciting and yet challenging problem for water management technologies to achieve water and energy sustainability. In recent years, the production of high-performance PRO membranes has earned increased concern, although many controversies are surrounding its environmental impact and practicality. Therefore, a detailed and up-to-date evaluation of key advances in PRO membrane engineering applications made in recent years is discussed in this review. Moreover, it is aimed to provide updated insight on the significant developments in advanced fabrication and modifying techniques of latest PRO membranes. The increased performance using various configurations and materials, which are also analysed in depth based on the point of view of design rationales. Furthermore, the problem faced in membrane development is addressed with suggested solutions are explored. Lastly, the potential outlook of PRO membrane application in practical scenario are also discussed.
Keywords :
Osmotic power , pressure retarded osmosis , thin film composite membrane , recent trends in membrane fabrication and modification
