Assessment of Entamoeba Gingivalis and Trichomonas Tenax in Patients with Chronic Diseases and its Correlation with Some Risk Factors

Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax) and Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) are two oral protozoan parasites that are universal and found in patients with poor oral hygiene, as well as chronic and periodontal diseases. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of some parameters, such as age, gender, education, residency, smoking, and dental cleaning routines, on the incidence of these parasites in the oral cavity of the patients participating in this study. A total of 230 individuals with chronic diseases, 97 of whom were patients (44 females and 53 males) participated in the present study. Dental plaque and saliva samples were collected from each patient and examined under light microscopy with Giemsa staining. Out of 230 dental plaque samples, 60 (26.08%) samples were positive for E. gingivalis, while 37 (16.08%) cases were positive for T. tenax. Diabetic patients showed high E. gingivalis percentage (n=12; 20%) (P=0.000*). However, thyroid disorders showed a low percentage. Hypertensive patients showed a high percentage for T. tenax (n=6; 16.21%) (P=0.000*), while tuberculosis patients showed the lowest percentage. Patients with hypertension, smoking, heart disease, and diabetes showed statistical significance for the presence of these parasites. Equally, patients older than 30 years have shown a higher rate of infection. According to the findings, E. gingivalis was detected in 58.33% and 41.66% of the urban and rural populations, respectively. Furthermore, T. tenax was detected in 81.08% and 18.91% of the urban and rural populations, respectively. Parasitic contagions were comparatively popular in patients with chronic and periodontal illness.