Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (rs731236) and aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism with the risk of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common causes of referral to physicians. Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is the main cause of back pain in different countries. It seems that genetic factors are more effective than environmental factors in the developing of degenerative phenomena. The aim of this investigation, therefore, was to study the association of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs731236 (TaqI) polymorphisms, with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in a population in the North of Iran. Methods: In this study, 55 patients with symptomatic intervertebral disk degeneration and 55 control subjects were included. VDR gene polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-based RFLP. The isolated DNA was used to genotype the VNTR of ACAN gene via conventional PCR. Results: For VDR gene polymorphism, the CC genotype (OR=5.337, P=0.019) was significantly higher among the patients compared with the controls, revealing a higher frequency of the C allele in patients compared with controls (OR=2.707, P=0.005). The lower number of frequent repetitions in the VNTR aggrecan gene was associated with a six-time increase of lumbar disc degeneration. Also, high BMI can be considered as an independent factor in the incidence of this disease. Conclusion: Aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism had an association with degeneration of lumbar intervertebral discs that the shorter VNTR repeats increasing the chance of the disc degeneration in this population in the North of Iran. Moreover, an association between the mutant allele (C) of VDR gene TaqI polymorphism and disc degeneration is found.