Evolution of Biological Properties of Bioactive Diopside and Wollastonite for Bone Tissue Engineering

The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize diopside (CaMgSi2O6) and wollastonite (CaSiO3) nano-bioceramics via a combination of mechano-chemical and calcination processes. In vitro biomineralization and cell responses of wollastonite and diopside were carried out using simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 28 days and MG-63 osteoblast cells. Results revealed excellent tissue biomineralization of wollastonite and diopside through generating an apatite-like layer on the surface of nano-bioceramics. Wollastonite and diopside cell responses eventuated non-cytotoxicity by MG-63 osteoblast cells, and their viability and cell proliferation were verified. Results of alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphate enzyme of diopside and wollastonite evidenced great bioactivity and tissue biomineralization with respect to the release of Ca^2+ and high absorption related to calcium activity, and high activity and growth of alkaline phosphate enzyme to repair bone tissue of diopside, and wollastonite was enhanced in contact with the MG-63 osteoblast cells. Regarding the addition of Mg^2+ into the calcium-silicate network for the chemical stability network to improve biological properties, results of biological assays verified that diopside possessed high biological and cell responses in comparison to wollastonite; and both of them can be suggested as great bioactive and biocompatible candidates for biomedical applications.