Vortex-assisted Liquid-liquid Microextraction for the Extraction and Preconcentration of Mercury Using Replacement of Zn(II) by Hg(II) in Zinc Dithizonate Complex and its Indirect Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and efficient vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was proposed for the extraction and preconcentration of Hg(II) ions at trace levels in aqueous samples prior to its indirect determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, at first, zinc ditizonate was formed in an aqueous solution and then extracted into carbon tetrachloride. Then it was added to the sample solution at μl-level and the obtained mixture was vortexed. In this step, Zn(II) in zinc ditizonate was replaced by Hg(II) in the aqueous phase and the concentration of Zn(II) in the organic phase was reduced. After centrifuging, carbon tetrachloride containing dithizonate complexes of Zn(II) and Hg(II) was sedimented. To determine the amount of Hg(II) in the sample solution, the sedimented phase was injected into the instrument and the concentration of the remained Zn(II) was determined. Finally, Hg(II) concentration was determined by the difference between the obtained absorbance and the absorbance of a blank (Hg(II)-free aqueous phase extracted by the above-mentioned procedure). Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range was obtained in the range of 0.25-15 μg l-1. The relative standard deviations (n = 6) for the concentrations of 1 and 5 μg l-1 were obtained 5.2 and 3.3%, respectively. Moreover, the obtained detection and quantification limits were 0.04 and 0.10 μg l-1, respectively. Finally, the suggested extraction method was successfully used for the extraction of Hg(II) ions in real water samples.