Investigation and Comparison of Volume and Chemical Compositions of Ferula assa-foetida L. Root Essential Oil under Farm and Natural Habitat Conditions

Ferula assa-foetida L. (Apiaceae) (Anguzeh in Farsi) is a medicinal plant which its gum used in medicine. First Agricultural Research, Education, and Natural Resource of Khorasan Razavi Center cultivated seeds of F.assa-foetida on the farm in 2002. Then we selected two root samples, one from the farm and the other from the natural habitat of F.assa- foetida (Chah-sokhteh, Sabzevar, Iran) in 2020. Then, we extracted essential oil of both root samples using the hydro- distillation method and they were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detections. Result showed that the average volume of E.oil of Anguzeh root (v/w) for nature and farm samples was 0.26% and 0.17%, respectively. Nature and farm E.oils contain 21 and 19 chemical compounds, respectively. Also, the highest percentage of chemical compounds in root E.oil was related to Borneol, which was 37.84% and 33.79%, respectively, for nature and farm samples. In addition, the sum of three chemical compounds including Borneol, P-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, and α- guaiene in E.oils of nature and farm accounted for 75.97% and 77.70% respectively. Another result showed that the percentage of p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (3.44%) and α-guaiene (2.34%) in the E.oil of the farm were higher a little bit than the nature sample. Also, 6 chemical compounds such as Camphene, Cis-sabinene hydrate, Cis-carveol, Germacrene B, γ- eudesmol, and 4-cuprenen-1-ol found in root E.oil in nature sample while they were not found in the farm sample. Instead, α-terpinene-7-al, 9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, and Spathulenol were found in the E.oil of the farm, but they were not in the nature sample E.oil.