Thermodynamic Evaluation of Polymeric Membrane Solution: (Poly Propylene Fumarate/(Graphene Oxide/Pluronic F-68))/2-Pyrrolidone (2P)/Water Quaternary System Assessment

In this study, a thermodynamic behavior of the quaternary system of (Poly propylene fumarate/ (Graphene oxide/ Pluronic F-68))/2-pyrrolidone (2P)/water was evaluated. The binodal and spinodal curves plotted using by Flory–Huggins theory and compared with experimental data. The results showed that at low value of binary parameter, a high interaction is existed between two components in ternary system. The ternary system at positive ternary interaction parameter (g123) indicates a small miscible region and small changes in water content of the polymer-rich phase. At the negative values of g123, there is a high miscibility in ternary system. In quaternary system, when g1234 is positive, the binodal curve shifts to the (polymer/additive)/ solvent axis. The membrane formation depends on the thermodynamic behavior of casting solution. By increasing the additive in casting solution up to 4wt.%, the de-mixing process was accelerated. Hence, a membrane was formed with high porosity. When additive content was increased to more than 4 wt%, dynamic viscosity of casting solution was responsible to the phase separation rate decreasing.