Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture

The presence of increasing concerns and enforcement of growing regulations over environmental pollution are nowadays at play. The pollution arising from mineral oils is among the major concerns. With the gradual reducation of the world oil reserves, an increasing pressure comes into play for finding sustainable alternatives. Being appealing alternatives, vegetable oils consist of different fatty acids; however, they cannot be applied directly to internal combustion engines owing to their poor oxidation stability and high pour point value. Biolubricants are considered to be a new generation of lubricants, which are renewable and biodegradable and are produced from the chemical modification of vegetable oils. There are few studies investigating the feasibility of using the mixture of fatty acids as biolubricant feedstock. In this study, epoxidation, oxirane ring opening with palmitic acid and p-Toluenesulfonic acid, esterification reaction with octanol, and reaction of the remaining hydroxyl group with stearic acid were applied to modify the mixture of oleic and linoleic fatty acids and produce biolubricant. For this purpose, the IR spectrums of each epoxide, monoester, diester, and triester products were obtained and analyzed. At the end of the experiments, monoester, diester, and triester were obtained with 94 % yield, with 96 % yield, and with 98 % yield, respectively. Eventually, the final product was found with physicochemical properties comparable with the physicochemical properties of the lubricant standard ISO VG10.