Frequency of Urinary Tract Pathogens and the Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance among Iranian Children

Background: One of the most typical reasons for pediatric hospitalization is urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of urinary tract pathogens and the distribution of antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infections referred to Shahid Beheshti Kashan Hospital in 2018–2019. This information would assist physicians in choosing more potent medications. Methods: Children with urinary tract infections were the subject of this cross-sectional study, carried out in 2018–2019 at Shahid Beheshti Kashan Hospital. The presence of an active urine test, a positive urine culture, and clinical symptoms of a urinary tract infection were the inclusion criteria. Data were examined using SPSS 16 software. Results: Out of the 400 children studied, 153 (38.2%) were males and 247 (61.8%) females. Among 153 boys, 96.1% had undergone circumcision, while 3.9% had not. Gender and UTI bacteria had a significant connection (p=0.023). Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence in female children’s urinary tract bacteria. Males were more likely to contract Escherichia coli. Results indicated that ampicillin resistance pattern significantly correlated with gender (p=0.011). Amikacin, an antibiotic, proved most effective against Escherichia coli, the most prevalent pathogen. Escherichia coli also showed the highest level of ampicillin resistance. To combat antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to prescribe medicines in a methodical and scientific manner. Conclusion: Pediatric urinary tract infections are most likely to be caused by Escherichia coli. This study’s isolated bacteria showed a high sensitivity to Amikacin and resistance to Ampicillin, a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat UTIs.