The Effect of Formetanate Hydrochloride on the Glycated Human Hemoglobin

Glycation refers to the nonenzymatic glycosylation of the free amino groups of proteins and sugars. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are the final stage in the glycation process. AGEs cause many complications in diabetic patients. Fortunate hydrochloride is a highly effective pesticide widely used in agriculture. Hence, all human beings, both healthy and diabetic-affected patients, can be exposed to this toxin. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to study, the effect of Formetanate hydrochloride on glycated human hemoglobin (GHb). To form glycated hemoglobin, Hb was incubated with glucose for 35 days under physiological conditions (dark, 37 °C, and pH 7.4). The effect of the toxin on GHb was investigated via docking studies, fluorometry, UV-Vis, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Incubating Hb with glucose could degrade the structure of the protein. Samples containing GHb and formetanate hydrochloride showed remarkable changes in the structure; Heme-group degradation and an increase in β-sheet structures were also observed. The results of docking studies were consistent with these results. As diabetes is rapidly expanding in today’s world and formetanate hydrochloride is widely used in agriculture, the impact of this toxin on these patients will be very important. According to the results obtained, this toxin can have a more destructive effect on the glycated Hb in these patients.