Investigation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Effect of Green Synthesized TiO2 Nanocomposites, an Experimental and Theoretical Study

Protecting the hair, skin, or products of itself are utilized by sunscreen filters which were frequently blocked hazardous UV-Vis radiation. Considering its photoprotective impact on the skin facing the radiation of ultraviolet and visible, TiO2 is a common and cost-efficient photocatalytic structure utilized in sunscreens. In this research, the continual process was done to optimize the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocomposites through a new, easy, cost-efficient, and quick approach to making nanostructures utilizing a sonochemistry method. SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, and MnO were utilized to compose green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles for this purpose. The samples were recognized by XRD, FT-IR, DLS, and SEM. Also, the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity were assessed. DFT computation was performed to identify the connected energy and band gap energy of nanocomposites by B3LYP/Lan2DZ quantum approach. TiO2/Al2O3 showed a lower size and the lowest agglomeration than synthesized TiO2 and other nanocomposites. Furthermore, all samples indicated strong antibacterial activity against investigated bacteria due to cell death caused by membrane permeability increase and bacterial wall integrity disruption. Nanostructures have cytotoxicity with a low level on A172 cells. The only exception is TiO2/ZnO which indicated a potent index of cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines as demonstrated by a low IC50 value of 50 ppm. The relative energy and band gap of nanocomposites indicated that TiO2/Al2O3 has the best stability in chemical and biochemical mediums among other nanocomposites. These green synthesized TiO2/Al2O3 nanostructures may have promising applications in nanoformulation to combat bacterial infections in the future.