Some Chemical Properties and Biological Activity of an Endemic Plant Tripleurospermum callosum as a Case Study

T. callosum an endemic plant, used in this study, efficiently inhibited enzymes, with IC50 values of 28.87 mg/mL, 15.75 mg/mL, 36.47 mg/mL, and 60.0 mg/mL, for AChE, BChE, α-Gly, and GST respectively. The antioxidant activities of the water and methanol extracts of T. callosum were investigated using four in vitro techniques. The antioxidant activity of water extract against ABTS radical was very strong as in the case of standards. Rosmarinic acid (2080.4 µg /g), quercetin-3-D-glycoside (853.8 µg /g), and shikimic acid (784.8 µg /g) were detected as the most intensive phenolic compound in T. Callosum by using the advanced LC-MS/MS technique. The computational screening of the studied ligands revealed the docking energies in the range of -4.217to -9.027kcal/mol for used enzymes. Rosmarinic acid and quercetin 3-O-glucoside showed binding energies of -8 kcal/mol with AchE and BChE respectively. In conclusion, the biological activities of the plant might be due to its rich chemical composition.