Investigation of whole blood lead level in urinary tract children patients by effective method based on aqueous standardization using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry

This study of evaluation of Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GFAAS–Deuterium Background correction for lead determination, and application of this technique to assess whether the level of Pb(II) in whole blood is involved in pediatric, urinary tract patients, in the age range of 2-12 years old. Therefore, the research aimed to determine Pb(II) concentration in blood matrix children exposed to Pb(II) in their environmentally related daily activities by direct aqueous standardization. Blood samples for 18 patients were collected from Al-Samawah, maternity and children, Teaching Hospital, Al-Muthanna Province. 0.1 mL of blood samples were diluted by adding 0.9 mL matrix modifier (0.5% Vol. Triton X-100, 0.1% Vol. HNO3, and 0.2%w/v NH4H2PO4) and mixed properly, the same principle was applied for aqueous standard. L’vov platform was modified with 10 ppm Pd(NO3)2. For validation of results, spiking experiment analysis of four levels of samples has been used with good recovery results (102-104%). The gradients of the calibration curve, which were used below the CDC limit of BLLs, indicated that good linearity r = 0.9988 and the dynamic range was 10-30 μg.L-1. The BLLs were 11.5-18.4 μg.dL-1 for 18 samples of blood Pb(II) and LOD =0.28 μg/dL. The precision, as RSD, ranged between 2.46 and 8.56%. Accuracy and precision results imply they were sufficient to quantify blood Pb levels in the 10-30 μg/dL range. The evidence from recoveries analysis and children blood the samples were in excellent agreement with those obtained by ICP-MS and several GFAAS methods.