Antioxidant Effect of N-acetyl Cysteine on the Differentiation Improvement of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a High-Glucose culture

Background: Diabetes is a common disease affecting majority of populations worldwide. Diabetes is characterized by high levels of circulating glucose and leads to most microvascular and macro vascular complications. Bone marrow vascular disruption and increased adiposity are also linked to various complications in type II diabetes mellitus. In addition to these complications, type 2 diabetic patients also have fragile bones caused by faulty mineralization. Diabetic osteopathy is one of the diabetes mellitus complications. N-acetyl cysteine as an antioxidant can improve the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts in a high glucose medium.Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in different glucose concentrations, and MTT checked their proliferation and survival. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells was analyzed by examining the expression of RUNX2 and osterix genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The alkaline phosphatase expression was analyzed after 14 days of differentiation of these cells. N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant was added to the differentiation medium, and its effect was studied on the Adipose stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts.Results: the finding of the study show N acetyl cysteine has antioxidant effect on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of adipose stem cells into osteoblasts in a high glucose medium significantly. N-acetyl cysteine improved osteogenic parameters as RUNX2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase in high glucose culture condition.Conclusion: Generally, the results of the present study show the protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of adipose derived stem cells into osteoblasts in a high glucose medium and can be used as an antidiabetic drug in the treatment of osteopathy caused by diabetes.