comparison of penton and hexon genes of fowl adenovirus serotype 11 in molecular detection of ibh in broilers

fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed pathogens across the globe. the fadvs from serotypes fadv 2, 3, 8a, 8b, 9, and 11 are responsible for inclusion body hepatitis (ibh). recently, increased mortality and ibh-suspected lesions were observed in 8-10-day-old broiler chickens in west azerbaijan province, iran. in this regard, the present study aimed to compare penton and hexon genes of addv11 in the molecular detection of ibh in broiler chickens. in total, 100 liver specimens were collected from 10 suspected farms, and their dnas were extracted. two polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) were applied; one targeting the l1 region of the hexon gene and another aiming at the penton gene. based on the findings, 60% of samples showed positive results in both pcrs and phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied viruses into serotype 11 (species d) fadv. the detected fadvs also shared a multitude of homologies with previously published serotype 11 viruses from iran and those identified in pakistan, saudi arabia, india, china, and canada. this research not only provides an update on circulating fadvs in iran, but also introduces the penton gene as an alternative target for ibh diagnosis. considering that ibh is a primary disease in iran with both horizontal and vertical routes of transmission, urgent preventive measures are needed.