EFFECT OF THE 1BL.1RS WHEAT-RYE CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION ON YIELD POTENTIAL IN BREAD WHEAT

To investigate the effect of 1BL.1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation on bread wheat yield, four and six commercial cultivars with and without translocation, respectively, were evaluated in the field. In addition to yield, three agronomic traits were measured: days to heading, plant height and 1000 kernel weight. Experiments were performed in two different locations (one cold and one dry) for three years at each location, and four replications were conducted. Despite observed differences between the genotypes, translocation was not found to produce an advantage. Even though the two cultivars did not differ, the one without translocation was ranked first and the one with translocation was ranked second. The cultivar Kavkaz/Cgn, one of the donors for translocation, was ranked eighth, and the fourth cultivar with translocation was ranked last. Based on these results, we studied the genotypes in each location to determine whether translocation produced any adaptation effect. The results revealed that three of the four cultivars with translocation performed well in the cold environment, and only one performed well in the dry area. One of the cultivars without translocation exceeded the yield of the cultivars with translocation. In the dry area, five of the non-translocated cultivars performed as well as the translocated ones. Thus, it could be concluded that translocation had no obvious positive effect on yield. Similar results were recorded for the other three traits. Further research with more environments and more sophisticated analysis is needed to achieve more accurate conclusions.