THE EFFECT OF ROTARY TILLER AND OTHER MACHINES FOR TILLAGE ON THE SOIL STRUCTURE AGGREGATES

The soil tillage is still the most complicated agro-technical measure where more than 30% of the total energy is deployed for the plant production. In the field conditions, the effect of rotary tiller as well as other machines for the supplementary treatment of the soil structure aggregates was examined in this study. The following tools and machines were used for the soil tillage: harrow (HA), rotary tiller (RT) and disc harrow (DH). In particular, it is interesting to determine the effect of rotary tiller and other machines for the soil tillage on the treatment quality as well as on the excessive attrition and making the powder structure and its degradation. By the soil tillage with different tools and machines (harrow, rotary tiller, disc harrow), there were changes in the condition of the soil aggregates, i.e. the decrease of the total content mega structural aggregates for 17.72%. At the soil treatment by rotary tiller (RT), the statistically significant higher values of the structure coefficient ratio were found in regard to the tillage with the harrow as well as the disc harrow for all examined depths 1.94-2.75 and high content micro structure aggregates (diameter 0.25 mm) of 6.37%. The values of volumetric mass before the tillage were in the great range from 1.06 to 1.29 g/cm³ depending on the depth, while the average values of the volumentric mass (VM) of the examined soil after the treatment were in the range from 0.92 to 1.17 g/cm³. By testing the ratio of volumetric mass (XZM), the statistically significant differences were determined for the type of treatment while the measured depth has not shown the statistically significant difference. Contrary to the ratio of volumetric mass (XZM), the ratio of structure coefficient (Xk) showed a significant difference in the soil treatment by rotary tiller while the measured depth had a statistically significant differences in all three variances.