Determination of manganese in rat blood samples based on ionic liquid-liquid extraction and chelation therapy for evaluation of manganese toxicity in rats

In this study, the manganese ions were extracted in the blood of rats based on desferrioxamine (DFO), deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP) as chelators (ligands) by ionic liquid-liquid phase extraction method (ILLEM) before being determined by F-AAS. Also, the toxic effects of manganese on blood serum and hematology parameters such as: RBC, WBC, HGB, PLT and HCT were investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and toxic groups. Manganese chloride was administrated orally in low and high doses. Orally (deferasirox and deferiprone) or intraperitoneally (desferrioxamine) for 2 weeks. Results showed that exposure to manganese significantly increased both counts of hematology parameters and concentration of this metal ion in serum compared to the control group. By procedure, manganese was chelated with ligands in the blood of rats and then the hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM][PF6]) was added to blood samples. After shaking and centrifuging, the upper liquid phase was separated by an auto-sampler and manganese loaded in a mixture of IL/ligand was settled down in the bottom of the conical tube. The manganese ions were back-extracted from IL phase and the remained acid solution was determined with F-AAS. The linear range, LOD and enrichment factor for 10 mL of blood rats were obtained 25- 180 μg L-1, 6.5 μg L-1 and 19.92, respectively. By chelation therapy extra manganese ions were removed from human serum and the normal hematology parameters were achieved.