An Overview on the Use of DEEP Eutectic Solvents for Green Extraction of Some Selected Bioactive Compounds from Natural Matrices

The extraction process of bioactive components from nutraceutical, food, cosmetic industries, and pharmaceutical is a crucial task in the manufacturing process of natural products that demand green solvents. This all-important process needs the inclusion and utilization of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to yield green products safe for the consumption of human beings and eco-friendly. This value-added green solvent has caught the attention of many researchers worldwide, cutting across different fields owing to its unique properties and vast potential. Also, the ability of the novel NADES to replace ionic liquids and conventional organic solvents in the extraction, and most especially in that of bioactive media, makes it an outstanding feat because it complies with the protocol for green analytical chemistry. In addition, the hydrophobic DESs (HDES) are also considered a suitable category of DES that needs to be explored in the field of extractions because of their stability in contact with water, a problem with using other classes of DESs. The HDESs possess exceptional tunable properties suitable for the optimum extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds, volatile fatty acids, and heavy metals from an aqueous medium. This paper explores and extensively discusses in review the prowess, and properties originating from the characteristics and functionalities of NADES and HDES, harnessing the solubility, other physicochemical characteristics, and possible interactions depending on the prevailing environmental conditions towards the extraction of these compounds.