Synthesis of Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Syzygium cumini Induced Developmental Deformation in Embryo Toxicity of (Daniorerio) Zebrafish

This study investigated the synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini fruit (Indian blackberry) seed extract. The seeds extract of Syzygium cumini fruit have properties of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial, and traditionally it has long been used in Indian folklore medicine. Zebrafish embryos and larvae were treated with 5 different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 µg/mL ) of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from 4 hours post fertilization (hpf). The results showed that exposure to 50-150 µg/mL zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) induced developmental toxicity in these embryos, causing mortality, hatching delay, and malformation. Exposure of 50-150 µg/mL  Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to zebrafish embryo caused coagulated unhatched phenotype, spinal curvature, axis bent, tail malformation, yolk sac, and pericardial edema, at 72-96 hpf. These results will assist in elucidating the mechanisms of the developmental toxicity of green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles during the embryonic development of zebrafish.