Determination of emergency department patient utilization and staffing at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH)

Objective: In developing staffing plans for emergency departments (EDs), a multifaceted approach must be considered without compromising quality of care, patient safety and personnel satisfaction. This study aims to determine the temporal trend of patient attendance and staffing in a major tertiary hospital ED to assist in establishing an optimal staffing pattern. Methods: A 1-year retrospective ED census review of adult patients at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) was undertaken. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Fisher-Hayter pairwise comparisons were utilized to determine if the ED consults and admissions were significantly (P 0.05) associated with the month of the year and day of the week. Results: A total 43,632 consults at the UP-PGH ED, averaging of 3,636 per month or 121 per day, were seen in 2019. Results indicated statistically significant differences between monthly [F (11,353) =16.45; P 0.0001] and between daily means [F (6,358) =4.19; P=0.0004]. The most number of consults occur during August, September, October and November while admissions were highest during April and October. It was busiest during Mondays and afternoon shifts (1400-2200 hours) with majority arriving as urgent in acuity. Mortality was also highest during the afternoon shifts. Conclusion: The temporal variations in patient visits and acuity described in our study can be used as a template for workforce scheduling and resource allocation to meet the demands in the provision of care at the ED.