Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Gene Variants Associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is considered a monogenic heterogeneous recessive disorder.Objectives: This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics and gene mutations in children with PCD admitted to Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s hospital in China from January 2019 to January 2022. Methods: Clinical manifestations, lung imaging, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings, and genetic test results were analyzed in this study. Results: For 8 patients, PCD manifestations included asthma, total visceral inversion, secretory otitis media, adenoid hypertrophy, gastroesophageal reflux, intestinal malrotation with midgut torsion, and bronchiectasis. Primary ciliary dyskinesia-associated gene variants included DNAH11, DNAH5, RSPH4A, and CFAP300. Novel variants of DNAH11(c.5460 + 5G C, c.11749_11752delGTTA, and c.5822G C), DNAH5(c.4314delT and c.877dupA), RSPH4A(c.1774_1775delTT and c.1949A G), and CFAP300(c.603delG) were found in these children. Conclusions: Recurrent cough, expectoration, purulent discharge, bronchiectasis, and visceral inversion provide clues for diagnosing early-onset PCD. Transmission electron microscopy and genetic testing improve early diagnosis, treatment delivery, and prognosis. Novel genotypes identified in this study expand the PCD genotypic spectrum.