The Comparison of Chemo Signal Compositions in Body Fluids of Holstein Cows from Different Estrus Periods

Artificial insemination is widely used in livestock breeding to control the calving interval and milk production in dairy cattle and to obtain one offspring per year. The correct timing of artificial insemination can be achieved by correct detection of estrus. Blood, feces and urine samples from estrus and diestrus periods have taken from Holstein cows which similar characteristics. Cows have synchronized for this purpose using ovsynch protocol. Fatty acid analyzes of the samples were made by gas chromatography (GC). The rates of all saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), all monounsaturated fatty acids with a single double bond (∑MUFA) and all polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) were found to be different in estrus and diestrus periods. The largest difference between estrus and diestrus ∑SFA ratios was found in the urine (estrus: 14.22%, diestrus: 23.11%). The high rate of ∑SFA in urine during estrus was due to the ratios of palmitic acid and butyric acid. The highest ∑MUFA rate was detected in the urine during diestrus. The high rate of ∑MUFA in urine was due to the detection of oleic acid at a rate of 13.38% in estrus and 25.53% in diestrus. The largest difference between ∑PUFA rates was detected in feces. Linolenic acid was detected in feces at a rate of 0.58% in estrus and 3.44% in diestrus. The reason for the difference between urinary ∑PUFA rates was the detection of eicosadienoic acid at a rate of 8.66% in estrus and 1.30% in diestrus. These compounds can be used as biomarkers for sensored biotechnological devices due to their chemo signal properties in estrus detection.