Criticizing Muslim Thinkers’ Views on Religion and Development in Modern Islamic Civilization

SUBJECT OBJECTIVES: The emergence of the epistemic system of modernism and its epistemological requirements has caused Eastern societies, including the Islamic world, conflicts such as the conflict between religion and development and efforts to resolve it. This research aims to explain the pattern of the new Islamic civilization by emphasizing the views of Muẓaffar ‘Iqbāl from the book Islam and Science. Also, most Muslim thinkers view the relationship between Islam and its efficiency in new scientific topics, including development, as positive and admirable.METHOD FINDING:  Using the method of qualitative analysis and referring to his books, essays, and other thinkers, it has been found that the Islamic scientific tradition began at the time of the Prophet. Additionally, Islamic scientists have continued this movement throughout history with ups and downs and have rejected the discussion of conflict that has been raised by Westerners, especially Goldzihar’s theory which denied the connection between Islam and science.CONCLUSION:  According to Muẓaffar ‘Iqbāl, Islam is a comprehensive religion and these views and scientific theories are always changing and can be modified. Therefore, he does not consider them comparable to Islamic texts. In Muẓaffar ‘Iqbāl ’s view, the Islamic tradition, relying on the approach of complementarity, can create and guide a comprehensive civilization and provide a pattern of progress in the new era.