To Compare the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Versus Labetalol in Providing Controlled Hypotension in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical intervention for sinus diseases. Bleeding is a common concern during FESS. Hemodynamic stability and quality surgical field visibility help to achieve the best outcomes. Objectives: The present study primarily intended to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine versus labetalol in providing controlled hypotension during FESS and then to assess the quality of the surgical field. Methods: The current research was conducted as a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical study. Sixty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II status undergoing FESS under general anesthesia were divided into two groups, each with 30 members. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine and labetalol were named as group D and L, respectively. The study intended to manage mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 - 75 mmHg. The visibility of the operative field was evaluated using Fromme and Boezaart scoring system. Total intraoperative fentanyl consumption and postoperative first analgesic request time were recorded. Results: The MAP target was achieved in both groups. Intergroup differences concerning MAP were observed in both D (75.0±2.0) and L (82.4±5.2) groups (P-value 0.05). Scores for blood loss were significantly lower in the D group (1.3±0.3) compared to the L group (2.1 ± 0.3) (P-value 0.05). There was no intergroup difference concerning the mean heart rate (group D; 70.8 ± 4.2, and group L; 73.4±4.4). The total dose of fentanyl consumed was found to be significantly lower in the groupD(41.9±5.8) compared to group L (59.9±5.3) (P-value 0.05). The first analgesic request time was significantly longer in the group D (50.2±9.1) compared to group L (24.8±5.1) (P-value 0.05). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine provided better hemodynamic stability and operative field visibility as compared to labetalol during FESS.