Thermal Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Magnetic Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid in a Hexagonal Cavity with Square Obstacle

This study aims to explore the natural convection, magnetohydrodynamics and ternary nanofluids containing Fe3O4, Cu and TiO2 in water-ethylene glycol within a hexagonal cavity containing a square obstacle. The Finite element method is utilized through the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 software. By utilizing visual representations, the influence of key variables on flow patterns, temperature distribution, and local Nusselt number is effectively illustrated. Simulations were carried out with Rayleigh number ranging from 103 to 105, heat source and absorption coefficients ranging from -5 to 15, and Hartmann numbers of 0, 70 and 90. The Prandtl number for ethylene glycol is 29.86. The findings of this research confirm that the proper incorporation of nanoparticles significantly enhances the heat transfer properties of base fluids.