Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Blood Lipids with Kidney Stone Disease: The Fasa Adults Cohort Study

Background: Urinary stones rank as the third most common disease of the genitourinary system, following urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. Their incidence is influenced by various demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between Body Mass Index (BMI), blood lipids, and kidney stones. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the baseline data of 10 133 participants aged 35 - 70 years from the Fasa cohort study. The dataset included demographic information, biochemical laboratory results, anthropometric measurements, behavioral data, and the presence or absence of kidney stones. Data analysis employed t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models. Results: Among the 10 133 participants, 54.9% were women, with a mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years. The prevalence of kidney stones was 17.3%. The findings indicated a correlation between BMI and triglyceride levels (TG) with kidney stones. Elevated BMI and triglyceride levels were associated with increased odds of developing kidney stones, with odds ratios of 1.048 (95% CI: 1.025 - 1.048) and 1.006 (95% CI: 1.001 - 1.006), respectively. Conclusions: The study revealed a significant relationship between BMI, triglyceride levels, and kidney stones. Individuals with kidney stones exhibited higher mean BMI and TG levels compared to those without. These findings from the Fasa PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran) cohort suggest that kidney stone disease is linked to elevated triglyceride levels and BMI. Given that a high-fat diet contributes to increased BMI and elevated serum triglyceride levels, measures to reduce weight, combat obesity, and manage triglyceride levels are warranted to mitigate the risk of kidney stone formation.