Therapeutic Effect of Biosynthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles on Enhancing Apoptosis Induction and Cell Lines Arrest in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Samples were collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Iraq , period from April 1, 2023 to June 1, 2023. Bacterial samples were collected from wounds and burns, then they were diagnosed using (Vitek-2 compact system- Biomerieux-France), then all the collected bacterial species were tested to produce selenium nanoparticles and the best bacteria capable of producing them were selected. Subsequent steps included characterization of nanoparticles using advanced techniques (Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR), Microscopy (FESEM)  X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and  UV-visible spectrophotometry. After successful characterization of the nanoparticles, their biological efficacy and toxicological effects were evaluated.  The synthesis process involved incubation, centrifugation, and purification. The anticancer activity of SeNPs was evaluated using the MCF-7 cell line. Cytotoxicity was assessed through the MTT cell viability assay. The AFM measured sizes (10.00 x 10.00 µm, 3.054 x 3.054 µm, 1.135 x 1.135 µm) and showed the surface roughness. FTIR showed peaks at 3749.10, 3454.98, 2926.67, 23 71.95, 632.69, and 451.77 cm-¹, indicating vibrations of the functional group. The FESEM results indicated spherical structures and irregular shapes. XRD data revealed the diffraction of the crystal lattice. The intensity indicated a high degree of crystallinity, and UV-visible spectrophotometry showed maximum absorption at 310 nm (0.70). SeNP-treated cells exhibited remarkable growth inhibition rates, with percentages ranging from 38.1% at the lowest concentration (6.25 µg/ml) to an impressive 89.3% at the highest concentration (100 µg/ml). Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these differences(LCD= 1.091). The investigation into the anti-cancer activity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against breast cancer cells MCS.7, as detailed in Table 1, provides valuable insights into their inhibitory effects. The concentration-dependent response is evident, with increasing concentrations of SeNPs correlating with higher inhibitory percentages. At the lowest concentration of 6.25 µg/ml, a modest inhibition rate of 38.1±0.12% is observed, which significantly escalates to 89.3±1.13% at the highest concentration of 100 µg/ml. The statistical significance, as indicated by the LSD value of least significant difference (1.091). The current study concluded that SeNPs have the ability to inhibit the spread of cancer and that it is dose dependent, as the inhibition increases with increasing dose and the effect is selective for cancer cells without affecting healthy cells, indicating the potential benefit of SNPs in inhibiting cancer.