Investigating the Conceptualization of Spiritual Health Literacy in University Students: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Background: Spiritual health is one of the most important psychological factors for university students, and it is perceived differently in various cultures and societies. Accordingly, this qualitative study investigates the definition of spiritual health and the most important factors that affect the definition of spiritual health among Gonabad University students. Methods: This is a qualitative-based study designed using semi-structured interviews with the faculty members and experts from Gonabad University of Medical Sciences and Gonabad Seminary from December 2022 to November 2023. For data collection, a total of 13 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, and open-ended questions were asked. The data were analyzed using the framework analysis. Results: A total of 13 participants (7 men and 6 women) with threatening behaviors took part in this study. The participants’ ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. After analyzing the data, the following 6 themes were identified through framework analysis: culture, family factors, education, justice, community characteristics, and modeling. Conclusion: This qualitative study highlights diverse conceptions of spiritual health among Gonabad University students and provides valuable insights for promoting spiritual well-being in higher education settings and educating families on behavior guided by spirituality and corresponding values.