Analysis of phytochemical, mineral, total phenol, flavonoids and antimicrobial from ethanol extracts and fractions of phyllanthus acidus (L.) skeels fruit

Many chemical substances can act as drugs, so different plants can be grown to treat illnesses. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels is one of several plant species known for its medicinal properties. The fruit has been found to contain various minerals, including calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc. However, it has been observed that the levels of these minerals decrease after boiling, with percent decreases of 53.20%, 64.90%, 41.27%, 60.96%, and 35.40% for calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc, respectively. The total phenol levels in the ethanol extract and fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were 39.27, 5.99, 48.01, and 25.1 mg GAE/g samples. The total levels of flavonoids, respectively, were 7.72, 0.57, 8.11, and 3.38 mg QE/g samples. The presence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds has antimicrobial activity in fruit against several fungi and bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus acidus fruit was investigated using ethanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The study found that these fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Microsporum canis. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity, whereas the n-hexane fraction exhibited weaker activity.