Recent advances in the synthesis of BiFeO₃ composites as photocatalysis: challenges and opportunities

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃) is a widely studied multiferroic material with strong ferroelectric and magnetic properties, making it highly suitable for applications in sensors, actuators, and energy storage. The development of BiFeO₃ composites has gained significant attention due to their enhanced functional properties compared to pure BiFeO₃. Various synthesis techniques, including sol-gel processing, hydrothermal synthesis, and solid-state reactions, have been explored to optimize structural, electrical, andmagnetic characteristics. The review also explores the applications of BiFeO₃ composites as photocatalysis, highlighting recent breakthroughs and potential future directions. This overview provides insights into the current state of BiFeO₃ composite synthesis and its implications for advancing multiferroic materials in modern technology.