Resveratrol Nanoformulation Inhibits Invasive Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Autophagy Induction: An In Vitro Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) for resveratrol (RSV) delivery andassess their effectiveness in inducing autophagy in MDA-MB 231 cells.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Pure and RSV-loaded Cs NPs (RSV. Cs NPs) were prepared viathe ionic gelation method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized using standard techniques, andRSV release was measured in vitro. MDA-MB 231 cells were incubated with RSV, Cs NPs, and RSV. Cs NPs andHalf-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated following the MTT test. Cell viability was assessedby lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and autophagy was evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results: NP formation was confirmed with the analysis of FTIR spectra. Pure and RSV. Cs NPs had 36.7 and 94.07 nmsizes with 18.3 and 27 mV zeta potentials, respectively. Above 60% of RSV entrapped within NPs was released in aninitial burst manner followed by a gradual release till 72 hours. Cs and RSV. Cs NPs restrained cell proliferation at lowerconcentrations. RSV. Cs NPs showed the highest anticancer effect and stimulated autophagy, indicated by increasedBeclin-1 ATG5, ATG7, LC3A, and P62 expression.Conclusion: RSV. Cs NPs show promising effects in inhibiting invasive breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro by inducingautophagy.