T-cell Membrane-Functionalized Nanosystems for Viral Infectious Diseases

Being a universal obstacle, HIV requires a vaccine or potential cure. As a matter of fact, the invention of an efficacious vaccine or therapeutic cure for human immunodeficiency (HIV) is of paramount importance, which can provide potent and wide-ranging neutralization against viral infections. Although the genetic variation of this virus can hamper efforts, advanced technologies such as coating technology by cell membrane can mitigate the situation. To shed light on this matter, T-cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles are considerable. These nanoparticles have antigens that are naturally on the T cell surface and are fundamental for HIV binding, for instance, CD4 receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. Not only HIV can be successfully neutralized by TNPs, but also, they can precisely bind to the intended targets of infected cells. Consequently, there would be a fall in the number of released HIV-1 particles through an autophagy-dependent mechanism with no drug being used off-target or cytotoxic effects on observer cells. In this review we highlight the emerging role of the T-cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles for the treatment of the viral infectious diseases.