Polymeric and Composite-based Microneedles in Drug Delivery: Regenerative Medicine, Microbial Infection Therapy, and Cancer Treatment

Microneedles (MNs) are microscopic, needle-like structures employed in drug delivery through the skin. They are non-invasive and cause minimal to no pain at the site of insertion into the skin. MNs can be used to successfully deliver both small and large molecules to people who need them. Polymeric MNs have recently been combined with nanomaterials in order to construct flexible nanocomposite systems, allowing their use in biomedicine to be expanded. The literature has provided in-depth evaluations of MN patch technology, which has led to a dramatic rise in the number of scholarly articles on this topic. This review introduces different nanocomposite-based MN applications in the fields of tissue regeneration, microbial infection, and cancer therapy. Also, the prospects and challenges of nanocomposite-based MNs are briefly discussed.